Abstract
Study objectives
Stressful ethnic/racial experiences, such as peer ethnic/racial victimization, may
harm adolescents’ adjustment. Using a daily diary design, the current study examined
how same-night and previous-night sleep may moderate the within-person associations
between peer ethnic/racial victimization and school engagement.
Methods
The analytic sample consisted of 133 ninth graders (Mage = 14.54 years old; 44% Black, 21% White, 16% Latinx, 5% Native, 4% Asian, and 9%
other). Adolescents reported their peer ethnic/racial victimization experiences and
school engagement every day for 14 consecutive days. Sleep was measured objectively
by actigraphy watches daily during the 14 days.
Results
Multilevel analyses identified significant interactions between peer ethnic/racial
victimization and same-night time in bed and latency for next-day engagement. The
negative association between victimization and next-day school engagement was only
significant when adolescents had shorter time in bed and longer latency than their
typical levels that night, supporting the recovery role of sleep (ie, same-night sleep
helps adolescents recover from victimization). There was also a significant interaction
between previous-night time in bed and today's peer ethnic/racial victimization for
same-day school engagement. The negative association between victimization and same-day
school engagement was only significant when adolescents had shorter time in bed than
their typical levels the previous night, supporting a preparatory hypothesis of sleep
(ie, sleep helps prepare adolescents for next-day victimization). Neither previous-night
nor same-night sleep efficiency moderated the association between victimization and
school engagement.
Conclusions
Findings highlighted sleep as an important bioregulatory protective factor that may
alleviate the challenges associated with ethnic/racial victimization.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep FoundationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Unfair, unsafe, and unwelcome: do high school students' perceptions of unfairness, hostility, and victimization in school predict engagement and achievement?.J School Violence. 2009; 8: 355-375https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220903132755
- Racial bullying and victimization in Canadian school-aged children.School Psychol Int. 2010; 31: 389-408https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034310377150
- Daily school peer victimization experiences among Mexican-American adolescents: associations with psychosocial, physical and school adjustment.J Youth Adolescence. 2012; 42: 1775-1788https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9874-4
- A cluster analytic investigation of school violence victimization among diverse students.J Interpers Violence. 2009; 24: 1673-1695https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509331507
- The racial school climate gap: within-school disparities in students’ experiences of safety, support, and connectedness.Am J Commun Psychol. 2015; 56: 252-267https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-015-9751-x
- Bad days don't end when the school bell rings: the lingering effects of negative school events on children's mood, self-esteem, and perceptions of parent? Child interaction.Soc Dev. 2007; 16: 596-618https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00398.x
- Peer rejection, negative peer treatment, and school adjustment: self-concept and classroom engagement as mediating processes.J School Psychol. 2005; 43: 407-424https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.09.001
- Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking peer victimization to internalizing symptoms in adolescents.J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009; 77: 894-904https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015760
- Emotional self-regulation and reactivity, school-based relationships, and school engagement and achievement.in: Whitebread D Grau V Kumpulainen K McClelland MM Perry N Pino-Pasternak D The SAGE Handbook of Developmental Psychology and Early Childhood Education. SAGE Publications Ltd, CA2019: 42-62https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526470393.n3
- Adults make a difference: the protective effects of parent and teacher emotional support on emotional and behavioral problems of peer-victimized adolescents.J Commun Psychol. 2010; 38: 80-98https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20353
- Emotion, emotion regulation and sleep: an intimate relationship.AIMS Neurosci. 2018; 1: 1-22https://doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2018.1.1
- Self-regulation failure: an overview.Psychol Inquiry. 1996; 7: 1-15https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0701_1
- Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: a century of research meta-analyzed.Psychol Bull. 2012; 138: 1109-1138https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028204
- An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children.Child Dev. 1996; 67: 1891-1914https://doi.org/10.2307/1131600
- The role and validity of actigraphy in sleep medicine: an update.Sleep Med Rev. 2011; 15: 259-267https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.10.001
- Peer victimization and adolescent adjustment: the moderating role of sleep.J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2015; 43: 1447-1457https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0035-6
- Perceived Social Norms for Schoolwork and Achievement During Adolescence.Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI2006
- Adolescent behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement trajectories in school and their differential relations to educational success.J ResAdolescence. 2011; 22: 31-39https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2011.00753.x
- Stress, sleep, and performance on standardized tests: understudied pathways to the achievement gap.AERA Open. 2017; 3: 1-17https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858417713488
- Impact of changing middle and high school start times on sleep, extracurricular activities, homework, and academic engagement.Sleep. 2019; 42:328-329https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.817
- Consistent-sufficient sleep predicts improvements in self-regulatory performance and psychological strain.Stress Health. 2010; 27: 314-324https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1364
- Prior night sleep moderates the daily spillover between conflict with peers and family and diurnal cortisol.Dev Psychobiol. 2021; 63: e22209https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22209
- School engagement and the role of peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and rumination.J Early Adolescence. 2018; 39: 962-992https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618797007
- Sleep facilitates coping: moderated mediation of daily sleep, ethnic/racial discrimination, stress responses, and adolescent well-being.Child Dev. 2019; 91: 833-852https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13324
- The interplay of perceived stress, self-determination and school engagement in adolescence.School Psychol Int. 2013; 35: 405-420https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034313498953
- Effects of peer victimization on child and adolescent physical health.Pediatrics. 2020; 147: 2020003434https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-003434
- Violence exposure, sleep disturbance, and poor academic performance in Middle School.J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013; 41: 1179-1189https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9709-0
- When are racial disparities in education the result of racial discrimination? A social science perspective.Teachers Coll Rec: Voice Scholarship Educ. 2003; 105: 1052-1086https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810310500604
- Understanding students’ transition to high school: demographic variation and the role of supportive relationships.J Youth Adolescence. 2017; 46: 2129-2142https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0716-2
- Bullying victimization experiences among middle and high school adolescents: traditional bullying, discriminatory harassment, and cybervictimization.J Adolescence. 2018; 63: 29-40https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.005
- Youth risk behavior surveillance — United States, 2017.MMWR Surveill Summaries. 2018; 67: 1-114https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6708a1
- Racial disparities in sleep: associations with discrimination among ethnic/racial minority adolescents.Child Dev. 2019; 91: 914-931https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13234
Student count snapshot, (33020): 2015–16/9th/race/ethnicity/all students. Michigan's Center for Educational Performance and Information. 2017. Available at: https://www.mischooldata.org/DistrictSchoolProfiles/StudentInformation/StudentCounts/StudentCount.aspx. Accessed 11 March, 2017
- Accent, perpetual foreigner stereotype, and perceived discrimination as indirect links between English proficiency and depressive symptoms in Chinese American adolescents.Dev Psychol. 2011; 47: 289-301https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020712
- Children of immigrants and their achievement: the roles of family, acculturation, social class, gender, ethnicity, and school context.in: Taylor RD Addressing the Achievement Gap: Findings and Applications. Information Age Publishing, NC2005: 23-59
- Family structure and child well-being: the significance of parental cohabitation.J Marriage Fam. 2004; 66: 351-367https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2004.00025.x
- Mplus User's Guide.8th ed. Muthen & Muthen, Los Angeles, CA19982017
- A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation.Psychol Meth. 2010; 15: 209
- Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world.Annu Rev Psychol. 2009; 60: 549-576https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530
- The association between home chaos and academic achievement: the moderating role of sleep.J Fam Psychol. 2019; 33: 975-981https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000535
- Perceived discrimination and adolescent sleep in a community sample.RSF: Russell Sage Found J Soc Sci. 2018; 4: 43-61https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2018.4.4.03
- Preschool children's negative emotionality and peer acceptance: the moderating role of sleep.Soc Dev. 2015; 25: 704-721https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12175
- Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review.Sleep Med Rev. 2015; 21: 50-58https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
- Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan.Sleep. 2004; 27: 1255-1273https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255
- Sleep quality and elevated blood pressure in adolescents.Circulation. 2008; 118: 1034-1040https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.108.766410
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple victimization in a nation-wide adolescent sample.Child Abuse Neglect. 2011; 35: 468-479https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.005
- The role of perceived discrimination during childhood and adolescence in understanding racial and socioeconomic influences on depression in young adulthood.J Pediatr. 2015; 166: 370-377https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.010
- A cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based group sleep intervention improves behavior problems in at-risk adolescents by improving perceived sleep quality.Behav Res Ther. 2017; 99: 147-156https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.006
- Sleep during adolescence.in: Sheldon SH Ferber R Kryger MH Gozal D Principles and Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine. Elsevier, Inc., Atlanta, GA2014: 45-52
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 03, 2023
Accepted:
January 10,
2023
Received in revised form:
December 9,
2022
Received:
July 8,
2021
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
