Abstract
Objective
Black individuals and those experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage are at increased
risk for sleep problems and obesity. This study adds to the limited extant literature
examining longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep and changes
in body mass index (BMI) in Black Americans.
Design
We focused on individuals with at least 1 observation of sleep and BMI at 1 of 3 study
time points (2013, 2016, and 2018). We modeled longitudinal trends in BMI as a function
of time, average of each sleep variable across assessments, and within-person deviations
in each sleep variable over time.
Setting
Data were collected via interviewer-administered at-home surveys and actigraphy in
Pittsburgh, PA.
Participants
Our sample comprised 1115 low-income, primarily Black adults, including 862 women
and 253 men.
Measurements
Sleep measures included actigraphy-measured total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and
wakefulness after sleep onset, as well as self-reported sleep quality. We also included
objectively measured BMI.
Results
In models adjusted for age, gender, and other sociodemographic covariates (eg, income,
marital status), there were no significant longitudinal associations between total
sleep time, sleep efficiency, wakefulness after sleep onset, or subjective sleep quality
and changes in BMI.
Conclusions
This study provides further evidence that, among a sample of low-income Black adults,
sleep problems are not longitudinally predictive of BMI. Although ample cross-sectional
evidence demonstrates that sleep problems and obesity commonly co-occur, longitudinal
evidence is mixed. Better understanding the overlap of sleep and obesity over time
may contribute to prevention and intervention efforts.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 28, 2022
Accepted:
October 27,
2022
Received in revised form:
October 4,
2022
Received:
July 22,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
