Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies using objective parameters have shown that irregular sleep is associated
with the disease incidence, progression, or mortality. This study aimed to determine
the association between subjective sleep duration and sleep regularity, with mortality
in a large population.
Methods
Participants were from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. We
obtained information from each participant on sleep duration, sleep regularity, and
demographics and overall lifestyle using self-administered questionnaires. We defined
sleep regularity according to participants' subjective assessment of sleep/wake time
regularity. Participants (n = 81,382, mean age: 58.1 ± 9.1years, males: 44.2%) were
classified into 6 groups according to sleep duration and sleep regularity. Hazard
ratios (HR) for time-to-event of death were calculated using the Cox proportional
hazards model.
Results
The mean follow-up period was 9.1 years and the mean sleep duration was 6.6 h/day.
Irregular sleep significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality in all models
compared with regular sleep (HR 1.30, 95% confidence interval; CI, 1.18-1.44), regardless
of sleep duration. Multivariable analysis of the 6 groups by sleep pattern (sleep
regularity and duration) showed irregular sleep and sleep durations of <6 h/day, 6
to <8 h/day, or ≥8 h/day were associated with a 1.2-1.5-fold increases in mortality,
compared to regular sleep and sleep duration of 6 to <8 h/day.
Conclusions
Our study shows an association between sleep irregularity and all-cause mortality
in a large Japanese population. Our findings provide further confirmation of the need
to consider not only sleep duration, but also the regularity aspect of sleep schedules.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 10, 2022
Accepted:
August 31,
2022
Received in revised form:
August 23,
2022
Received:
January 14,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
