Abstract
Background
Evidence indicates that the burden of sleep disorders is increasing, yet recent trends
have not been examined.
Objective
To examine the prevalence of and trends in sleep patterns and medications commonly
used for insomnia (MCUFI) in US adults from 2005 through 2018.
Methods
A total of 39,749 participants aged 20 years or older from 7 consecutive National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles during 2005-2018 were included.
Results
The age-standardized prevalence of trouble sleeping and using MCUFI was higher in
women than men, but men tended to sleep less (sleep duration <7 hours) and were more
likely to have sleep disorders. The temporal trends in sleep disorders and MCUFI were
similar in men and women, except that trouble sleeping increased more in men (P = 0.024). The prevalence of insufficient sleep decreased from 33.6% in women and
38.1% in men in 2005-2006 to 20.5% in women and 28.6% in men in 2017-2018. The prevalence
of MCUFI use was 13.3% in women and 8.9% in men in 2005-2006, peaked at 15.2% for
men and 17.0% for women in 2013-2014, and decreased slightly in 2015-2018.
Conclusion
The prevalence of trouble sleeping and MCUFI use was higher in women, while the prevalence
of short sleep duration and sleep disorders was higher in men. Sleep disorders, abnormal
sleep duration, and MCUFI use increased at a broadly similar pace in men and women,
except that trouble sleeping increased more in men.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep FoundationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
Reference
Stickley A, Leinsalu M, DeVylder JE, Inoue Y, Koyanagi A. Sleep problems and depression among 237 023 community-dwelling adults in 46 low- and middle-income countries. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12011. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48334-7
- Sleep duration linked to cardiovascular disease.Circulation. 2019; 139: 2483-2484https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041278
- Biological and clinical insights from genetics of insomnia symptoms.Nat Genet. 2019; 51: 387-393https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0361-7
- Burden of disease due to sleep duration and sleep problems in the elderly.Sleep Health. 2018; 4: 182-187https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.11.007
- A national study of the prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease from China: the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015.Int J Cardiol. 2019; 275: 165-170https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.047
- Public health burden of sleep disorders: underreported problem.J Public Health. 2017; 25: 243-248https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0781-0
- Joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion.Sleep. 2015; 38: 1161-1183https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4886
- Trends in self-reported sleep duration among US Adults from 1985 to 2012.Sleep. 2015; 38: 829-832https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4684
- National use of prescription medications for insomnia: NHANES 1999-2010.Sleep. 2014; 37: 343-349https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3410
- Sleep duration in the United States 2003-2016: first signs of success in the fight against sleep deficiency?.Sleep. 2018; 41https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy012
- Are U.S. adults reporting less sleep?: findings from sleep duration trends in the National Health Interview Survey, 2004-2017.Sleep. 2019; 42https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy221
- Evaluation of temporal trends in racial and ethnic disparities in sleep duration among US adults, 2004-2018.JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5e226385https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6385
- NHANES questionnaires, datasets, and related documentation.Natl. Center Health Stat. 2020;
- Sleep and sleep disorders, how much sleep do i need . Centers for Disease.Control and Prevention. 2017;
- Joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion.Sleep. 2015; 38: 1161-1183https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4886
Healthy People 2020 [Internet] Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; Healthy People 2020. 2020. https://www.healthypeople.gov/node/3506/data-details.
- Prevalence of self-reported sleep problems among people with diabetes in the United States, 2005-2008.Prev Chronic Dis. 2012; 9: E76
- Long-term use of benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 1999-2014.Psychiatr Serv. 2018; 69: 235-238https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700095
- Trends in prescriptions for sedative-hypnotics among Korean adults: a nationwide prescription database study for 2011-2015.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019; 54: 477-484https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1615-x
- Association between pyrethroid exposure and cardiovascular disease: a national population-based cross-sectional study in the US.Environ Int. 2021; 153106545https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106545
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) About adult BMI | Healthy Weight 2018.
- National Health and nutrition examination survey: estimation procedures, 2011-2014.Vital Health Stat 2. 2018; : 1-26
National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES survey methods and analytic guidelines. Natl. Center Health Stat. 2018.https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/AnalyticGuidelines.aspx
- Percentage of adults who reported an average of 6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period, by sex and age group—United States, 1985 and 2004. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005.
- Secular trends in adult sleep duration: a systematic review.Sleep Med Rev. 2012; 16: 223-230https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.003
- Sleep duration and diabetes risk: population trends and potential mechanisms.Curr Diab Rep. 2016; 16: 106https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0805-8
- Long-term use of benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 1999-2014.Psychiatr Serv. 2018; 69: 235-238https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700095
- National use of prescription medications for insomnia: NHANES 1999-2010.Sleep. 2014; 37: 343-349https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3410
- Trends in prescriptions for sedative-hypnotics among Korean adults: a nationwide prescription database study for 2011-2015.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019; 54: 477-484https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1615-x
- Trends in outpatient visits for insomnia, sleep apnea, and prescriptions for sleep medications among US adults: findings from the National Ambulatory Medical Care survey 1999-2010.Sleep. 2014; 37: 1283-1293https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3914
- Increased physician-reported sleep apnea: the National Ambulatory Medical Care survey.Chest. 2002; 121: 1741-1747https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.6.1741
- Objectively measured sleep characteristics among early-middle-aged adults: the CARDIA study.Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164: 5-16
- Racial disparities in sleep health between Black and White young adults: the role of neighborhood safety in childhood.Sleep Med. 2021; 81: 341-349
- Influence of race and socioeconomic status on sleep: Pittsburgh Sleep SCORE project.Psychosom.Med. 2008; 70: 410-416https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31816fdf21
- Sleep disparity" in the population: poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and ethnicity.BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 475https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-475
- Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position.Sleep Med. 2016; 18: 7-18https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020
- National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.Sleep Health. 2015; 1: 40-43https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
- Overview of insomnia: Definitions, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and assessment.(editors)in: Kryger MH Roth T Dement WC Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 4th ed. Elsevier/Saunders, Philadelphia2005: 702-713
- The sleep and technology use of Americans: findings from the National Sleep Foundation’s 2011 Sleep in America poll.J Clin Sleep Med. 2013; 9: 1291-1299https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3272
- Association between television viewing and sleep problems during adolescence and early adulthood.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004; 158: 562-568https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.6.562
- Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: clinical implications.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86: 3787-3794https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.8.7778
- Sleep and women’s health.Sleep Med Res. 2013; 4: 1-22https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2013.4.1.1
- National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference statement: management of menopause-related symptoms. Ann.Intern Med. 2005; 142: 1003-1013
- Help-seeking behaviors for insomnia in Hong Kong Chinese: a community-based study.Sleep Med. 2016; 21: 106-113https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.01.006
- An analysis of whether sleep disorder will result in postpartum depression.Oncotarget. 2018; 9: 25304-25314https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25219
Tsuno N, Besset A Fau - Ritchie K, Ritchie K. Sleep and depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(10):1254-69. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v66n1008
- The association between dependent self-employment and self-reported depression/anxiety and sleep disorder in South Korea.Ann Occup Environ Med. 2019; 31: e13https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e13
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 15, 2022
Accepted:
July 14,
2022
Received in revised form:
June 5,
2022
Received:
January 21,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
