Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of a reduction of approximately 25% in total sleep time
(TST) on sleep parameters, sleepiness and reaction time (RT) in short, long and intermediate
sleepers.
Design
Twenty healthy young men with a TST of ≤6 h (n = 6), between 6 h and 8 h (n = 7) and > 8 h (n = 7), respectively considered as short, intermediate and long sleepers, underwent
5 consecutive nights with an approximately 25% reduction in TST, produced by delaying
their usual bedtimes. All participants were subjected to 6 consecutive nights of polysomnography
and assessments of sleep, sleepiness and RT at pre- and post-sleep time. The Linear
Mixed Model (LMM) was mainly used to assess the effect of the group, time, and their
interaction on the main outcomes.
Results
Long and short sleepers showed the most significant changes regarding sleep parameters
and sleepiness. However, short sleepers showed more lapses and more sleepiness.
Conclusions
We report novel evidence of the association between cognitive function (assessed via
reaction time) and sleep restriction-related risks based on real-life since individual
sleep schedules were personally determined. Both long and short sleepers showed the
most significant alterations of delaying bedtime regarding sleep parameters and sleepiness.
However, the short sleepers showed more sleepiness, attention lapses and increased
reaction times.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep FoundationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?.Sleep. 2014; 37: 9-17https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3298
National_Sleep_Foundation. National sleep foundation recommends new sleep times. http://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times. Published 2015.
- National Sleep Foundation's sleep quality recommendations: first report.Sleep Health. 2017; 3: 6-19https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006
- Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: a Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society.J Clin Sleep Med. 2015; 11: 591-592https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758
- Sleep, Health, and Society.Sleep Med Clin. 2017; 12: 1-22https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012
- Secular trends in adult sleep duration: a systematic review.Sleep Med Rev. 2012; 16: 223-230https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.003
- The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation.Sleep. 2003; 26: 117-126https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.2.117
- The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: a meta-analytic review.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 80: 586-604https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010
- Homeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers and long sleepers.Am J Physiol. 1996; 270: R41-R53https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.1.R41
- How Much Day-To-Day Variability in Sleep Timing Is Unhealthy?.Sleep. 2016; 39: 269-270https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5424
- Reducing health disparities: the role of sleep deficiency and sleep disorders.Sleep Med. 2016; 18: 3-6https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.007
- Ultradian and other rhythms in human respiration rate.Experientia. 1976; 32: 1165-1167https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01927604
- The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research.Psychiatry Res. 1989; 28 (doi:0165-1781(89)90047-4): 193-213
- A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale.Sleep. 1991; 14: 540-545https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
- The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms.Sleep. 2003; 26: 342-392https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.3.342
- Behavioral biomarkers of sleepiness.J Clin Sleep Med. 2011; 7: S12-S15https://doi.org/10.5664/JCSM.1344
- The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules.Terminology and Technical Specifications. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, cop, Westchester, IL2007
- Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. 1985; 17: 652-655https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03200977
- Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 h per night.Sleep. 1997; 20: 267-277
- Daytime sleepiness associated with poor sustained attention in middle and late adulthood.Sleep Med. 2015; 16: 143-151https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.028
- Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1129: 305-322https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1417.002 1129/1/305
- Maximizing sensitivity of the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) to sleep loss.Sleep. 2011; 34: 581-591https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.581
- Balancing Type I error and power in linear mixed models.J Mem Lang. 2017; 94: 305-315https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.001
- Healthy sleepers are rare: problems and success rates in establishing a control group for sleep studies.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003; 28: 558-561https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300082 1300082
- Evidence from the waking electroencephalogram that short sleepers live under higher homeostatic sleep pressure than long sleepers.Neuroscience. 2001; 102: 493-502https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00518-2
- Healthy adults display long-term trait-like neurobehavioral resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss.Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 14889https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14006-7 10.1038/s41598-017-14006-7
- Timing and consolidation of human sleep, wakefulness, and performance by a symphony of oscillators.J Biol Rhythms. 2005; 20: 279-290https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730405278292
- Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learning.Neuron. 2002; 35: 205-211https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00746-8
- Differential effects of non-REM and REM sleep on memory consolidation.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014; 14: 430https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0430-8
- Percentile reference charts for selected sleep parameters for 20- to 80-year-old healthy subjects from the SIESTA database.Somnologie. 2005; 9: 3-14https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-054x.2004.00038.x
- Sleep loss affects vigilance: effects of chronic insomnia and sleep therapy.J Sleep Res. 2008; 17: 335-343https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00671.x
- Effects of different sleep restriction protocols on sleep architecture and daytime vigilance in healthy men.Physiol Res. 2010; 59: 821-829
- The effects of a restricted sleep regime on the composition of sleep and on performance.Psychophysiology. 1984; 21: 406-412https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00217.x
- Energy conservation and sleep.Behav Brain Res. 1995; 69: 65-73https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(95)00002-b
- EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the sleep disorders atlas task force of the American sleep disorders association.Sleep. 1992; 15: 173-184
- Comparative levels of excessive daytime sleepiness in common medical disorders.Sleep Med. 2010; 11: 890-896https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.010
- Sociodemographic characteristics and waking activities and their role in the timing and duration of sleep.Sleep. 2014; 37: 1889-1906https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4238
- Sleep disorders as a cause of motor vehicle collisions.Int J Prev Med. 2013; 4: 246-257
- Clinical effects of sleep fragmentation versus sleep deprivation.Sleep Med Rev. 2003; 7 (doi:s108707920190245x): 297-310
- Immune alterations after selective rapid eye movement or total sleep deprivation in healthy male volunteers.Innate Immun. 2012; 18: 44-54https://doi.org/10.1177/1753425910385962
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 22, 2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation.
