Abstract
Purpose
Associations of dietary patterns with sleep quality have not been sufficiently studied,
particularly among young adults. Studying factors associated with sleep quality among
young adults are especially important given the significant life changes they are
experiencing, which can influence not only sleep quality but also dietary behaviors.
Methods
We examined the cross-sectional association of sleep quality among 462 women at age
23 years. We used the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to define sleep quality.
Intake over the previous 7 days of fruits and vegetables, soda, sports drinks, other
sweetened drinks, and coffee drinks was assessed by a self-report questionnaire. Linear
regression analysis examined the association between PSQI scores and dietary intake.
Results
About 47% of participants were White, 25% Black, 10% Hispanic, and 18% Other. Almost
½ (45%) reported poor sleep quality. Compared with participants reporting consuming
no energy drinks, participants who reported consuming any energy drinks had PSQI scores
that were 0.84 points higher (7.08 ± 0.51 vs 6.24 ± 0.39; p=0.04) (indicating poorer
sleep quality). Participants who reported drinking one or more high-calorie coffee
drinks had PSQI scores that were 1.00 points higher compared with those reporting
drinking no high-calorie coffee drinks (7.14 ± 0.51 vs 6.14 ± 0.42; p=0.02). Fruit
or vegetable intake was not associated with PSQI score.
Conclusions
Poor sleep quality is prevalent among young women. Young women with poor sleep quality
should consider their sugary caffeine use to determine if it may be associated with
their sleep.
Abbreviations:
BMI (Body mass index), CI (Confidence interval), OR (Odds ratio), PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), TAAG (Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls), YRBS (Youth Risk Behaviors Survey)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 13, 2020
Accepted:
December 10,
2019
Received in revised form:
November 15,
2019
Received:
July 17,
2019
Footnotes
☆Funding Source: This study was funded by R01 HL119058. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication.
☆☆Implications and Contribution: Associations of dietary patterns with sleep quality have not been sufficiently studied, particularly among young adults. We found that poorer sleep quality was associated with consuming high-energy drinks and high-calorie coffee drinks. Young women with poor sleep quality should consider their sugary caffeine use to determine if it may be associated with their sleep.
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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