Abstract
Purpose
To identify adolescents' substance use and its association to sleep disturbances.
Methods
Databases were searched using terms: “smoking”, “tobacco use”, “electronic cigarette”,
“alcohol drinking”, “marijuana use” and “substance use” combined with “sleep” and
“adolescents”. Articles were selected based on: adolescents residing in North America,
aged between 10 and 21 years old, examining substance use and sleep disturbances as
a dependent variable, and published within 10 years. The Buysse's sleep health RuSATED framework was used for analysis.
Results
Thirteen articles were reviewed establishing the relationship between tobacco, alcohol
and marijuana use and sleep disturbances. Positive associations were reported between
all substances used and sleep disturbances in sleep health domains of Regularity,
Timing, Efficiency, and Duration. Alertness problems were also positively associated
with tobacco and alcohol use. The most common disturbance reported was the insufficient
sleep Duration. The least reported deficiencies were Satisfaction and Alertness.
Conclusions
Evidence for associations between substance use and sleep disturbances in Regularity,
Timing, Efficiency, and Duration domains may result in sleep deprivation, which poses
a serious health risk among growing adolescents. Future research should prospectively
examine disturbances in all sleep health domains including Satisfaction and Alertness
with the addition of more objective sleep measures to assess long term effects of
sleep deprivation in this population.
Implications and contributions
Understanding the adolescents' substance use in relation to their sleep disturbance
with sleep as a dependent variable, provides future direction for sleep health promotion
in adolescents with substance use to prevent further health consequences.
Abbreviations:
AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality), ANCOVA (analysis of co-variance), ANOVA (analysis of variance), ASSIST (alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test), AUDIT-C (alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption), BMI (body mass index), B-YAAXQ (brief-young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire), CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), DAST (drug abuse screening test), DDQ (daily drinking questionnaire), DIS (difficulty initiating sleep), DMS (difficulty maintaining sleep), e-cigarette (/EC) (electronic cigarettes), EMA (early morning awakening), ISQ (insomnia symptom questionnaire), No. (number), PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis), RuSATED (Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness during waking hours, Timing, Efficiency, Duration), SE (sleep efficiency), SHQ (smoking history questionnaire), SPQ (sleep problem questionnaire), SPS (sleep problem scale), SOL (sleep onset latency), TST (total sleep time), US (United States), WASO (wake after sleep onset)Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep FoundationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Sleep deprivation and deficiency: Why is sleep important? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sleep-deprivation-and-deficiency [accessed 09.10.18].
- Sleep in adolescence: physiology, cognition and mental health.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016; 70: 182https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Do you children get enough sleep? https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/children-sleep.htm [accessed 09.10.18]
- Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties.Behav Ther. 2013; 44: 339-348https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2012.12.001
- Adolescent sleep Working Group & Committee on adolescence. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences.Pediatrics. 2014; 134: e921-e932https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1696
- Maturation of the adolescent brain.Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013; 9: 449-461https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S39776
- When worlds collide- adolescent need for sleep versus societal demands.Phi Delta Kappan. 1999; 8: 348-353
- Obligate symbiosis: sleep and affect.Sleep Med Rev. 2010; 14: 215-217https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.02.003
- Directions of the relationship between substance use and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.Addict Behav. 2016; 60: 64-70https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.036
- Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: a meta-analytic review.Sleep Med Rev. 2015; 21: 72-85https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.08.002
- Early adolescent patterns of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana polysubstance use and young adult substance use outcomes in a nationally representative sample.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014; 136: 51-62https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.011
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Features: Sleep in Middle and High School Students.([accessed on 10.10.2018])
- Commonly used stimulants: sleep problems, dependence and psychological distress.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015; 153: 145-151https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.036
- Sleep, alcohol and alcohol abuse.Addict Biol. 1997; 2: 151-158https://doi.org/10.1080/13556219772697
- Binge drinking and sleep problems among young adults.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013; 132: 207-215https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.001
- Functional consequences of marijuana use in adolescents.Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009; 92: 559-565
- Sleep patterns and school performance of Korean adolescents assessed using a Korean version of the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale.Korean J Pediatr. 2011; 54: 29-35https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.1.29
- Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence.Sleep Med. 2007; 8: 602-612https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002
- A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy plus bright light therapy for adolescent delayed sleep phase disorder.Sleep. 2011; 34: 1671-1680https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1432
- Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior.J Sleep Res. 2005; 14: 239-244https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x
- Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?.Sleep. 2014; 37: 9-17https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3298
Harvey AG, Buysse DJ. Treating sleep problems: A Transdiagnostic Approach. Guilford Press; 2017 Oct 12. New York: NY. ISBN: 9781462531950
- Sleep and substance use and abuse in adolescents.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009; 18: 929-946https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.004
- Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review.Sleep Med Rev. 2014; 18: 75-87https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.005
- Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.PLoS Med. 2009; 6e1000097https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
- Adolescence: Its Psychology and its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education.Appleton and Company, New York, NY1904
- Defining adolescence.Adolesc Fam Health. 2015; 7 ([accessed 12.01.2018]): 2
- Hagan J.F. Shaw J.S. Duncan P.M. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 4th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL2017: 1-31 ([accessed 12.01.2018])
World Health Organization. (2015). Adolescent health. http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/ [accessed 12.01.2018]
West S, King V, Carey TS, et al. Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment 2002; 47:i-199.
- Modifiable predictors of insufficient sleep durations: a longitudinal analysis of youth in the COMPASS study.Prev Med. 2018; 106: 164-170https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.035
- Beyond sleep duration: bidirectional associations among chronotype, social jetlag, and drinking behaviors in a longitudinal sample of US high school students.Sleep. 2017; 41: 1-14https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx202
Bellatorre A, Choi K, Lewin D, et al. Relationships between smoking and sleep problems in black and white adolescents. Sleep 2017; 40(1):zsw031. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw031
- Frequency of E-cigarette use, health status, and risk and protective health behaviors in adolescents.J Addict Med. 2017; 11: 55-62https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000272
- Associations between sleep and health-risk behaviors in a rural adolescent population.J Pediatr Health Care. 2016; 30: 317-322https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.08.003
- Characteristics of university students who mix alcohol and energy drinks.J Am Coll Health. 2017; 65: 288-293https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1280799
- Reciprocal variations in sleep and drinking over time among heavy-drinking young adults.J Abnorm Psychol. 2018; 127: 92-103https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000312
- Current alcohol use is associated with sleep patterns in first-year college students.Sleep. 2016; 39: 1321-1326https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5862
- Alcohol consumption, sleep, and academic performance among college students.J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009; 70: 355-363https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2009.70.355
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking & Tobacco Use: Youth and Tobacco Use.([accessed on 02.23.2019])
- Current and binge drinking among high school students—United States, 1991–2015.Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017; 66: 474-478https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6618a4
- Substance use as a risk factor for sleep problems among adolescents presenting to the emergency department.J Addict Med. 2016; 10: 331-338https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000243
- Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use.J Youth Adolescence. 2012; 41: 1184-1196https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9784-5
Pérez A, Roberts RE, Sanderson M, Reininger B, Aguirre-Flores MI. Disturbed sleep among adolescents living in 2 communities on the Texas-Mexico border, 2000–2003. Prev Chronic Dis 2010;7(2,A40):1–11.
- The interaction between anxiety sensitivity and cigarette smoking level in relation to sleep onset latency among adolescent cigarette smokers.J Adolesc. 2016; 51: 123-132https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.006
- Alcohol and the sleeping brain.Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 125: 415-431https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00024-0
- Sleep and substance use disorders: an update.Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014; 16: 487https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0487-3
- Severity of nicotine addiction and disruptions in sleep mediated by early awakenings.Nicotine Tob Res. 2016; 18: 2252-2259https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw179
- Nicotine dependence and sleep quality in young adults.Addict Behav. 2017; 65: 154-160https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.020
- Gender and the association of smoking with sleep quantity and quality in American adults.Women Health. 2014; 54: 1-4https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2013.858097
- The association of alcohol severity and sleep quality in problem drinkers.Alcohol Alcohol. 2015; 50: 536-541https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agv04
- Marijuana use patterns and sleep among community-based young adults.J Addict Dis. 2016; 35: 135-143https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2015.1132986
- Frequency and risk factors of sleep problems among high school students who will undergo university entrance exam as a stressful experience.Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010; 30: 8-16
- Sleepiness and sleep characteristics in students from an urban district of Lima, Peru.Arch Argent Pediatr. 2014; 112: 239-241https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2014.eng.239
- Smoking and sleep disorders in Chinese adolescents.Sleep Med. 2010; 11: 268-273https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.017
- Alcohol consumption and sleep problems in Hong Kong adolescents.Sleep Med. 2013; 14: 877-882https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.03.022
- Sleep and its association with socioeconomic status, health, and risky behaviors among Ghanaian school children.J Res Adolesc. 2013; 23: 706-715https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12023
- Adolescent sleep, risk behaviors, and depressive symptoms: are they linked?.Am J Health Behav. 2010; 34: 237-248https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.34.2.11
- Validation of self-reported sleep against actigraphy.J Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 462-468https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20120012
- The short and long of adolescent sleep: the unique impact of day length.Sleep Med. 2017; 38: 31-36https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.06.018
Jenni OG, Achermann P, Carskadon MA. Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep 2005; 1;28(11):1446–54.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 11, 2019
Accepted:
June 3,
2019
Received in revised form:
May 18,
2019
Received:
June 9,
2018
Footnotes
☆Funding: None.
☆☆Conflict of Interest: All authors have no financial relationships or other conflict of interest relevant to the manuscript to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
