Abstract
Objective
Adults with HIV have greater sleep difficulties and are more likely to smoke cigarettes.
We tested whether current smoking plays a role in sleep difficulties experienced by
young adults with HIV.
Design
Cross-sectional.
Setting
Data were from the 2011–2014 waves of the National College Health Assessment, an annual
survey conducted by the American College Health Association.
Participants
108,159 (including N = 224 HIV positive) college students provided data for this study.
Measurements
Health conditions (including HIV positive status) were self-reported. Participants
were also asked whether “sleep difficulties” were “traumatic or difficult for you
to handle” over the past 12 months. Smoking was self-reported (smokers reported smoking
on at least 20 of the last 30 days). Logistic regression models were adjusted for
age, sex, survey year, current alcohol use or current marijuana use, diagnosis and/or
treatment of anxiety or depression in last year.
Results
HIV positive students were more likely to be smokers (OR = 2.0, SE = 0.43, 95% CI
[1.31, 3.05], P = .001) and were more likely to experience sleep difficulties (OR = 2.02, SE = 0.29,
95% CI [1.52, 2.68], P < .0001). While a significant HIV-x-smoking interaction was not found, when models
were stratified by smoking, the relationship between HIV status and sleep difficulties
was seen among non-smokers (OR = 1.97), and this relationship was stronger among smokers
(OR = 2.64).
Conclusions
Among college students, HIV positive status is associated with increased sleep difficulties.
These problems are worse among smokers. Sleep interventions are warranted in this
vulnerable group, and could potentially enhance smoking cessation efforts.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 27, 2019
Accepted:
May 10,
2019
Received in revised form:
April 24,
2019
Received:
January 4,
2019
Footnotes
☆Funding Support: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute On Minority Health And Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01MD012734 and R21AG056765 (FP), and by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM113125 (FP).
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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