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Full length articleVolume 3, Issue 6p465-471December 2017

A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: the moderating role of school start times

a4380 Main St., Daemen College, Amherst, NY 14226
bDepartment of Clinical & Social Sciences in Psychology, Box 270266, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
cDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627
dUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627
Publication History:
Received June 1, 2017; Revised August 1, 2017; Accepted August 9, 2017; Published online September 22, 2017
Copyright: © 2017 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Cover Image - Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation, Volume 3, Issue 6

Abstract

Objective

To examine a mediational model linking sleep hygiene to better mental health in adolescents via the mechanism of improved sleep quality, and to test the moderating role of school start times (SST) (before 8:30 AM vs. 8:30 AM or later) on that mediation model.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Online survey for high school students across the United States.

Participants

A total of 197 adolescents aged 14–17 years old (Mage = 15.6 years, SD = 1.8; 53% female) completed a baseline survey and 7-day sleep diaries; their parents (Mage = 47.7 years, SD = 5.5; 79% female) reported on family socioeconomic status and high SST.

Measurement

Adolescents reported on their sleep hygiene, circadian chronotype, daily levels of sleep quality and duration (morning diaries) and their depressive/anxiety symptoms (evening diaries) for 7 days.

Results

A moderated-mediation model suggested that baseline sleep hygiene was directly associated with lower average daily depressive/anxiety symptoms across all students, but that association was marginally stronger in students with later SST (8:30 AM or later). A mediated path emerged only for students with earlier start times, suggesting that, for those students, baseline sleep hygiene was indirectly associated with lower average daily psychological symptoms by improving average daily sleep quality.

Conclusions

The current study is one of the first to demonstrate that SST might serve as a critical moderator in models of adolescent sleep and daily functioning. The findings provide additional evidence in the debate on how SST may affect adolescent health.

Keywords

  1. School start times
  2. Sleep hygiene
  3. Sleep quality
  4. Mental health
  5. Adolescence

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